Forms of osteoporosis
Forms of osteoporosis
The osteoporosis is divided into two different sub-areas pathogenically, the primary and the secondary osteoporosis. In turn, different types are distinguished from one another within the sub-areas. This explains, for example, the distinction between the primary osteoporosis. of type I. and he primary osteoporosis. of type IIwhich is to be discussed below.
Type I primary osteoporosis:
The so-called postmenopausal osteoporosis usually affects Women aged 50 to 70 years. As already described in the epidemiology, about 20 - 40% of all women fall ill in Climacteric (= menopause) of osteoporosis. The main cause for the development of a postmenopausal (= occurring after the menopause) O. is scientifically on the deficiency of the female Sex hormone "estrogen“ returned. A deficiency that is triggered by the hormonal changes during menopause and disturbs the balance between bone formation and breakdown, which ultimately leads to a loss of bone mass.
In the first instance there is the spongy bone structure, the so-called Cancellous bone, damaged. This damage is responsible for the easily developing bone fractures in the area of the vertebral bodies, ribs, the femoral neck or the forearm bones (ulna and radius).
Targeted prophylaxis to avoid the deficiency of the sex hormone "estrogen" is, for example, taking so-called hormone replacement preparations, changing the diet to a balanced and calcium-rich diet, combined with a high degree of exercise.
Type II primary osteoporosis:
Since women and men from the age of 70 benefit from this form of Osteoporosis. are affected in the same way, the synonymous use of the name explains "Senile" osteoporosis almost by itself.
In contrast to type I, not only the spongiosa, the spongy bone structure, is damaged, but the damage also extends to the massive bone substance, the so-called “compacta”, which means that the so-called “compacta” are more common than average Long bonessuch as thigh or forearm bones (= spoke and ulna), break.
The main cause for the development of this type of osteoporosis is initially the natural aging process. Combined with a lack of calcium and / or vitamin D and / or a lack of exercise, the development of osteoporosis can be exacerbated.
On the basis of this, the following statements can be made for prophylaxis:
Little can be done about the natural aging of bones. The more you should pay attention to a balanced diet, possibly and supplementing the diet with calcium and vitamin D. Since exercise is specifically named as a prophylactic measure, a high degree of exercise, for example in the form of walks, is useful.
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Secondary osteoporosis:
This form of osteoporosis can be described as relatively rare, as only about 5% of all osteoporotic diseases are classified as secondary osteoporosis. In 100 osteoporosis patients, "only" about 5 patients are affected by secondary O. As with "senile osteoporosis", women and men are equally affected by secondary osteoporosis. This is due to the fact that the secondary form of O. always arises as a result of a specific underlying disease. These are, for example, specific hormone-producing tumors (e.g. Plasmacytoma), Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex, hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, disturbance of the function of the parathyroid gland, stomach - Intestinal diseases with underlying food ingestion (e.g. Lactose intolerance), or hereditary connective tissue diseases (e.g. Marfan syndrome), etc.
You can find further information under our topics:
- Shield nozzle
- Parathyroid
Excessive alcohol, cigarette or coffee consumption has a reinforcing effect. The intake of certain medications that are taken over a longer period of time can also have an aggravating effect in terms of side effects.
It should be noted that the secondary O. is similar to the primary osteoporosis: Due to the imbalance between bone formation and breakdown, substance loss occurs and the resulting consequences are more or less easily occurring bone fractures.
The attending physician can individually clarify the most diverse possibilities of the causes, make diagnoses and initiate therapies.
