Tooth formula
introduction
The Tooth formula is also called in many specialist books Dentition formula or Tooth scheme and provides an overview of the human (and all other mammals) occurring teeth.
In Europe, the dental formula is generally used Fédération Dentaire Internationale (short: FDI), the international professional association of dentists.
The whole jaw is used to create the tooth formula in four equal parts, so-called Quadrant, assigned.
- Of the 1st quadrant represents the right one upper jaw
- of the 2nd quadrant the left upper jaw
- of the 3. quadrant the left Lower jaw and
- of the 4th quadrant the right lower jaw.
Since that denture is usually symmetrical, the tooth formula is in most cases only shown for half of the upper and lower jaw.
In the Dentistry the teeth are numbered consecutively within the individual quadrants starting from the front incisor.
I - right upper jaw -
1st quadrant (11-18)
II - left upper jaw -
2nd quadrant (21-28)
III - lower jaw left -
3rd quadrant (31-38)
IV - lower jaw right -
4th quadrant (41-48)
- 1. Incisor -
Dens incisivus I - 2nd incisor -
Dens incisivus II - Canine tooth -
Dens caninus - 1st molar tooth
Anterior tooth (premolar) -
Dens premoralis I. - 2. Anterior molar
Anterior tooth (premolar) -
Dens premoralis II - 1st molar tooth -
Dens molaris I - 2nd molar tooth -
Dens molaris II - Wisdom tooth (= 3rd molar) -
Dens molaris tertius
(Dens serotinus)
1st - 3rd are front teeth
(3 per quadrant)
4th - 8th are molars
(5 per quadrant)
You can find an overview of all Dr-Gumpert images at: medical illustrations
Upper jaw right Upper jaw left
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
Lower jaw right lower jaw right
Tooth formula in veterinary medicine
In the Veterinary medicine on the other hand, the numbering refers to the type of individual tooth and the tooth formula is modified.
A "I.“Stands for the Latin name of Incisor (Incisors), a "C." stands for Caninus (German: Eckzahn), a "P“Means one Vormahlzahn (Premolars) and a "M.“Stands for one molar tooth (Molars).
In addition, there is a milk and tooth formula for all mammals and another formula for the permanent one denture, because every known mammal species undergoes at least one tooth change during its life.
Dental formula milk teeth
In humans, the first set of teeth, the milk teeth, emerge from the jaw around the 9th month of life, the corresponding tooth formula looks slightly different from that of the permanent set of teeth.
The right upper jaw is numbered with the number 5, the left with the number 6, the left lower jaw has the number 7 and the left lower jaw has the 8.
In addition, milk teeth only consist of 5 teeth per quadrant and not eight teeth each as is the case with permanent teeth.
Upper jaw right Upper jaw left
55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65
85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75
Lower jaw right lower jaw left
Tooth scheme according to HADERUP
Another, widely used tooth formula is the tooth scheme according to Haderup.
The teeth of the upper and lower jaw are marked with a plus sign and a minus sign. All teeth in the upper jaw have a plus sign and all teeth in the lower jaw have a minus sign.
Right upper jaw / left upper jaw
8+ 7+ 6+ 5+ 4+ 3+ 2+ 1+ +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8
8- 7- 6- 5- 4- 3- 2- 1- -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8
Lower jaw right / lower jaw left
In general, with all tooth formulas, it is important to know from which point of view the direction designation comes from. In the medicine to avoid misunderstandings, always proceed from the patient's perspective.
That means with "Right upper jaw“Is actually meant the right upper jaw of the patient and not the upper half of the jaw, which is on the right as seen by the dentist.
The teeth of the Primary dentition is at the Tooth formula according to Haderup simply preceded by a zero. Say, the last one molar tooth (Molar) of the right upper jaw of a small child corresponds to the tooth "05+“.
The American tooth formula differs somewhat from the tooth schemes commonly used in Europe.
The teeth are there from the top Wisdom tooth of the right jaw numbered down to the lower wisdom tooth of the right jaw, there is no duplication between the individual quadrants.
Upper jaw right Upper jaw left
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17
Lower jaw right lower jaw left
